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Index Laws
Rung 2 of 4 · The method

Applying the Four Laws

Four little moves, and the only question is ever "which one is this?" Spot the operation, do the matching thing to the indices, done.


PractiseHit “new question”, work out the answer, then check yourself or reveal the steps.
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Every index-law question is really one decision — which of the four laws fits — followed by one quick bit of arithmetic on the indices. Here they are, all on one page.

The Four Laws

Product (multiplying): same base, add the indices. aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ. Example: 5³ × 5⁴ = 5⁷.

Quotient (dividing): same base, subtract the indices. aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ. Example: 7⁶ ÷ 7² = 7⁴.

Power of a power: multiply the indices. (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ. Example: (2³)⁴ = 2¹².

Zero index: anything (non-zero) to the power 0 is 1. a⁰ = 1. Example: 9⁰ = 1.

Say it plainly: times → add, divide → subtract, power of a power → multiply, power of zero → 1. Keep the base the same the whole way through.

A Worked One

Simplify 2⁵ × 2³ ÷ 2⁴. Same base all the way, so work left to right. Multiplying first: 2⁵ × 2³ = 2⁵⁺³ = 2⁸. Then dividing: 2⁸ ÷ 2⁴ = 2⁸⁻⁴ = 2⁴. So the whole thing is 2⁴ (which, if you want a plain number, is 16).

Watch this one: if the indices come out equal when you divide — say 6³ ÷ 6³ — you get 6⁰, and that's just 1. Don't write 0.

Keep the Base, Only Touch the Index

The base never changes — you never multiply 5 × 5 to get 25 in the answer. 5³ × 5⁴ is 5⁷, not 25⁷. The base is the same thing being multiplied; only the count of how many of them (the index) changes.

Us, Thinking Out Loud

Could you teach me all four laws in one sentence each, without looking?

How do you tell at a glance which law a question needs?