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Factorising Algebraic Expressions
Rung 3 of 4 · The traps

Take Out the highest Common Factor

The single most common slip in factorising: stopping too early. Pulling out a common factor isn't enough — you have to pull out the highest one.


ExplorePick the answer that's fully factorised. Some are true but not finished — spot the difference.
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There's a sneaky difference between an answer that's true and one that's finished. 12x + 8 = 2(6x + 4) is perfectly true — expand it and it works. But it's not done, because the bracket still has a common factor hiding inside.

The "not Finished" Trap

If you take out 2 from 12x + 8 you get 2(6x + 4) — but 6 and 4 still share a 2. You stopped halfway. The fix is to take out the highest common factor in one go: the HCF of 12 and 8 is 4, so the finished answer is 4(3x + 2), and now 3 and 2 share nothing. In the toy you'll meet exactly these "true but not finished" answers — your job is to pick the one that's gone all the way.

Say it plainly: "fully factorised" means the bracket has no common factor left. If you can take more out, you're not done.

Grab the Pronumerals Too

The highest common factor isn't just a number — it can include letters. In 6x² + 9x both terms have a 3 and at least one x, so the HCF is 3x, giving 3x(2x + 3). Pull out only the 3 and you get 3(2x² + 3x) — true, but not finished, because the bracket still shares an x. Always ask: is there a letter they all share as well?

Mind the Signs, Then Check

Signs are the other place marks leak away. When a term is negative, the sign rides along: −6x with HCF 3 leaves −2x inside the bracket, not 2x. The safety net never changes — expand your answer back out. If you don't land exactly on the original, including every sign, something slipped. Press "check by expanding" in the toy to see the round trip.

Us, Thinking Out Loud

How can an answer be true but still not finished?

What's the one check that catches a sign mistake every time?