There are two skills here. First, the transfer chain: writing energy's whole journey as an arrow diagram. Second, the three ways heat travels, because heat turns up at the end of nearly every chain and you need to say how it got from A to B.
Tracing a Transfer Chain
A chain is just energy's path written as arrows, each form turning into the next. Run the same three moves every time. One — find the store you start with (a battery or fuel = chemical, something lifted = gravitational, something stretched = elastic). Two — follow each transformation in order, naming each form as it appears. Three — add the wasted heat, because almost every real device leaks some energy as heat you didn't want. So a torch is really chemical → electrical → light + heat.
The Three Ways Heat Travels
Conduction is heat travelling through a solid by touch: hot particles jiggle hard, bump their neighbours, and the warmth creeps along — which is why a metal spoon left in soup goes hot at the handle. Metals are brilliant at it; wood and plastic are hopeless, which is exactly why handles are made of them.
Convection is heat carried by a moving fluid — a liquid or a gas. Warm fluid is less dense so it rises; cooler fluid sinks to take its place; and that loop, a convection current, carries heat around the whole pot or room. It's why the top bunk is warmer and why a kettle heats evenly.
Radiation is heat crossing empty space as a wave, needing no material at all. It's the only way the Sun's heat can reach us across the vacuum, and it's what you feel on your face from a fire before you've touched anything warm.
A Worked One, Slowly
Question: trace the energy chain for an electric kettle, and say how the heat reaches the water at the top.
The store is the electrical energy from the wall. The element turns that into thermal energy — electrical → thermal. The hot element heats the water touching it by conduction, but that alone would only warm the bottom; the heated water rises and cooler water sinks, setting up a convection current that carries the heat all the way up, so the whole kettle boils. The full chain: electrical → thermal (+ heat lost through the casing). Name the store, follow the forms, add the waste, and explain the heat's path — that structure earns full marks every time.